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Indicator
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What it
Measures
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USE MONTREAL C&I FOR
MAINTAINING LONG-TERM SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS: INDICATOR
CATEGORIES
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Employment and Community
Needs
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Direct and total
employment and income in energy and mineral sectors
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Measures direct and
indirect employment and income
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Per capita income in
resource communities
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Measures annual per
capita income in resource dependent areas vs. other
areas
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Average wages in mineral
and energy resource sectors
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Measures income from
resource sector in dollars
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Other income to community
from resource sector (royalties, contributions, in
dollars and in kind)
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Measures dollars
community has to acquire goods and services
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Injury rates and
occupational disease rates attributable to mining
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Measures injury and
fatality rates on the job and occurrence of occupational
illnesses
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Disease rates due to
resource activity in resource-dependent communities
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Measures health effects
on people in the community
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Dependency of a community
on the minerals/energy activity
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It measures direct and
indirect income; employment and tax revenue derived from
the particular industry (mining, minerals or energy) as
a percentage of the total
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The degree to which a
community is dependent on a resource that would be
impacted by the mining/minerals/energy activity
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Measures could be acres
of land, animal unit months or miles of streams.
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Labor expenditures:
- Labor expenditure/$GDP
for the entire United States economy
- Labor expenditure/$GDP
produced by the mining industry
- Labor expenditure/unit
of output (tons or ounces) produced by the
mining/minerals/energy industry
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This measures
productivity of labor and allows us to compare the
mining industry with the general economy.
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Production and Use
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Value and Volume
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Measures overall benefits
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Use and E&M per
capita and per dollar
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Degree of Recycling and
Reuse
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Measures materials
retained in economic system
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Net trade balance in
energy, minerals
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Need a long-run measure
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Diversity of Mining
Products Usage-Percent of mining products in use per
sector
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Measures trends in mining
product use by sector
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Diversity of Mining
Products Usage
Percent of mining-derived energy used per sector
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Measures trends in
mining-derived energy use by sector
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Percent of available
substitute non-mining products in use per sector
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Measures trends in
substitute non-mining product use by sector
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Relative sector knowledge
of mining product use and sources
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Measures trends in
knowledge of mining product use and sources by sector;
(1) Percent of survey base with knowledge of proportion
of products in use that are derived from mining
products; (2) Percent of survey base with knowledge of
the relative source of mining-derived products in use.
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Relative public knowledge
of mining-derived energy use and sources
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Measures trends in
mining-derived energy use by sector; (1) Percent of
survey base with knowledge of proportion of energy used
that is mining-derived; (2) Percent of survey base with
knowledge of the relative source of mining-derived
energy used.
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Recreation and Tourism
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Old mine sites and towns
and current mining operations
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Measures economic
contribution of mining other than commodity
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Investment [link to
capacity maintenance; distribution & refining]
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Dollars spent annually on
exploration (see Productive Capacity and Employment
above)
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Dollars spent on
buildings, infrastructure, pollution control equipment
etc (typically called capital expenditures)
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Measures dollars spent on
buildings, infrastructure, pollution control equipment
etc. (typically called capital expenditures).
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Capacity and grid of
energy delivery systems
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This indicator measures
carrying capacity versus usage for power, natural gas
and petroleum
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Petroleum and metal
refinery capacity
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It measures the petroleum
and metal refining capacity in the United States and the
usage of that capacity
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Dollars invested on
research and development
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It measures the dollars
spent on research and development by government,
universities and private industry
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Investment in ecosystem
enhancement and restoration
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It measures the dollars
spent on ecosystem enhancement and restoration projects
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Investment in the
community
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It measures the dollars
invested in community facilities and programs
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Investment in education
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This measures the dollars
spent/donated to provide technical education to current
and future employees
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Cultural, Social and
Spiritual Needs
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Archeology
(Pre-historic)-
Number of archeology sites (pre-historic) that are
eligible for the National Historic Register that are
within the proposed plan boundary. As a subset of that
number, the number of archeology sites (pre-historic)
that are eligible for the National Historic Register
that are within the proposed plan boundary and that will
be collected and documented because they would have been
disturbed by the mining operations.
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This measures the number
of sites, whether they are protected or disturbed and,
for sites to be disturbed, it documents knowledge gained
regarding the site(s)
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Sacred Sites for
Indigenous People
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It measures the number
and location of Traditional Cultural Properties and
describes why they are considered sacred
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Historic Sites-
Number of archeology sites (historic) that are eligible
for the National Historic Register that are within the
proposed plan boundary. As a subset of that number, the
number of archeology sites (historic) that are eligible
for the National Historic Register that are within the
proposed plan boundary and that will be collected and
documented because they would have been disturbed by the
mining operations.
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This measures the number
of sites, whether they are protected or disturbed and,
for sites to be disturbed, it documents knowledge gained
regarding the site(s). This could include historic
mining sites.
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Environmental Justice
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The percentage of
households below the poverty line in mining dependent
counties versus the percentage of households below the
poverty line for non-mining dependent counties
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It measures the
percentage of households below the poverty line in
mining dependent counties versus the percentage of
households below the poverty line for non-mining
dependent counties
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The percentage of
population by minority group, in mining dependent
counties versus the percentage of population by minority
group for non-mining dependent counties
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It measures the
percentage of population by minority group, in mining
dependent counties versus the percentage of population
by minority group for non-mining dependent counties
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PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY
[across the life-cycle]
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Resources
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Access to Federal Lands
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Measures availability of
federal lands for mineral/energy exploration and
production.
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Permits
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Measures the ratio of
permits issued to permits applied for
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Sterilization of
Resources
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Measures trend over time
of the area of built infrastructure
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Identified Resources -
Technically extractable
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Measures future materials
supply potential
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Reserves - Known
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Measures current working
inventory
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Resources Left
Behind/Bypassed
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Measures percent of
mineral left in the ground
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Stocks in Use
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Measures above ground
resources
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Production (Extractive)
Capacity
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Idle Capacity as it
Relates to Total Capacity
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Measures the extent of
idle capacity that can be utilized
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Minerals Produced by
Co-and By-product production
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Measures the web of
dependency
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National Supply Mix of
Mineral Commodities and Energy - current imports and
current production
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Measures the extent to
which demand is met by domestic production
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Processing Capacity
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Transportation Capacity
– Oil and Gas Pipelines
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Measures kilometers of
usable pipeline and pipeline under construction
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Transportation Capacity
– Electricity Transmission Lines
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Measures kilometers of
usable electricity transmission lines and transmission
lines currently under construction
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Transportation Capacity
– Mineral-based Construction Materials (sand, gravel
and cement)
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Measures the proximity of
sand and gravel operations and cement kilns to
population centers
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Use Capacity
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Consumption of Mineral
Commodities and Energy Over Time
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Measures changes in
consumption
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Energy Choices –
Consumption
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Measures energy capacity
over time
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Value of energy
use/dollar produced from the mining sector
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Measures energy expended
in dollar terms to produce $1.00 of output (for example,
copper) in constant dollar terms
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LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
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Extent to which the legal
framework (laws, regulations, guidelines, legal
decisions, etc.) supports sustainable practices for
energy and mineral/materials systems over the life
cycle, including the extent to which it provides for:
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Clear property rights
(including mineral rights and secure land tenure),
recognition of customary and traditional rights of
indigenous people, and a means of resolving property
disputes by due process
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Measures the climate of
property rights, stability and consistency of property
rights regime, presence of delineated property rights by
property type, areas of settled and unsettled law.
National scale is statutes, case law and rulemaking
affecting property rights. State and local counterpart
legislation.
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Economic framework:
Extent to which the economic framework (economic
policies and measures) supports sustainable practices
for energy and mineral material systems over the life
cycle.
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3a. Investment and
taxation policies that recognize the long-term nature of
investments and permit the flow of capital in and out of
the energy and mineral/material sectors in response to
market signals, non-market economic valuations, and
public policy decisions to meet the short- and long-term
demands for the goods and services provided by energy
and mineral/materials.
3b. Degree to which
international energy and mineral/material trade and
competition affects domestic sustainability.
3c. Degree to which
international energy and mineral/material trade and
competition impact sustainable practices in and
viability of those sectors.
3d. Degree to which
government trade policy and tariffs for energy and
mineral/materials impact sustainable practices in and
viability of those sectors.
3e. Full cost (direct and
opportunity) of compliance with legal requirements
throughout the lifecycle of energy and
mineral/materials.
3f. Extent of enforcement
of regulation in the US relative to other producing
nations on a scale of 1 (substantial less) to 10
(substantially more).
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Average time from
application for permits until issuance, by type of
operation.
- Number and type of
permits by geopolitical unit and land ownership
category.
- Scope of regulation in
the US relative to other producing nations on a
scale of 1 (substantial less) to 10 (substantially
more).
- Extent of enforcement
of regulation in the US relative to other producing
nations on a scale of 1 (substantial less) to 10
(substantially more).
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Capacity to conduct and
apply research and development aimed at improving energy
and mineral materials management and the delivery of
energy and mineral materials across the life cycle,
including capacity to:
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5a. Develop a scientific
understanding of energy and mineral material systems’
characteristics and functions.
5b. Develop methodologies
to measure and integrate environmental and social costs
and benefits into markets and public policies and to
reflect energy and mineral material depletion,
discovery, recucling, reuse, and remanufacture in
national accounting systems across the resource and
productions life cycles.
5c. Discover and develop
new technologies and assess the environmental, social,
and economic consequences associated with the
introduction of new technologies.
5d. Predict impacts of
energy and mineral/material systems on geologic systems,
for example, impacts of pumping water or reinjecting
produced waters.
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Measures the human
resources available for sustainable resource management
over the life cycle
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SOIL AND WATER QUALITY
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Emissions indicators
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Quantity of
pollutant/Quantity of output (for all three waste types
-- need to define)
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This indicator shows the
pollution generated per unit of commodity produced by
the sector.
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% Share of pollution / %
Share of value of output (for all three waste types)
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Measures the contribution
of the M&E sector to total pollution relative to its
contribution to economic output
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Percent of Green Power
usage per sector
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The indicator will be
calculated based on data on energy use by type for each
sector. The types will include (not necessarily limited
to) hydro, coal, diesel, nuclear, LPG, LNG, wind,
geothermal, solar. "Sectors" will include
1-digit SIC codes and more detailed disaggregations by
sector as desired. These data will also be the basis for
estimating air pollution emissions for indicator A.1
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Reclamation
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Area
reclaimed/reclamation scheduled
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Measures acres and
percent of disturbed land that has not been reclaimed
according to criteria identified in approved reclamation
plans
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Number of abandoned mine
sites reclaimed in current year/number of abandoned mine
sites (from baseline inventory)
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Measures pace of
abandoned mine reclamation
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Number of abandoned mine
sites with environmental problems that were reclaimed
this year/number of abandoned mine sites with
environmental problems (from baseline inventory)
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Measures pace of
abandoned mine reclamation
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Mineland Reclamation
Quality as a Proportion of Baseline Capacity
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What it measures:
(numerator) Number of mines NOT notified by state or
federal regulatory agencies that they are deficient in
their reclamation with respect to at least one of a
set of quality criteria that may include: (1) surface
stability; (2) soil as growth medium; (3) vegetation
production; (4) vegetation cover; (5) surface water
availability; (6) surface water quality. (denominator)
number of mines engaged in reclamation.
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Ambient environmental
indicators
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Number of permitted mine
sites where groundwater is contaminated / total number
of permitted mines
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What it measures: Share
of permitted mine sites with degraded groundwater due to
mining. Degraded sites will be those identified by the
regulatory agencies
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Number of permitted mines
causing downstream water quality problems relative to
total number of permitted mines
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What it measures: Number
of permitted mine sites downstream from which water
quality is either degraded or improved, relative to the
total number of permitted mine sites. Rivers are
considered degraded if they exceed applicable water
quality standards, riparian zones (which include aquatic
habitat) are degraded due to flow changes, water
quality, or other mine-related causes. Rivers will be
considered improved if water quality or riparian zone
quality exceeds the pre-mining levels due to mining
activity or reclamation
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Number of 5th
code hydrological unit watersheds with mines that have
water quality problems / Number of 5th code
hydrological unit watersheds with mines
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Trend over time in
prevalence of watersheds harmed by mining
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Share of permitted sites
with land contamination; not superfund
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What it measures: Share
of permitted sites with land contamination resulting
from mining relative to total number of permitted mine
sites. Contaminated sites are those identified by the
appropriate regulatory agencies as such
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Share of all industrial
sites with land contamination; not superfund
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What it measures: Share
of industrial sites with land contamination relative to
total number of industrial sites. Contaminated sites are
those identified by the appropriate regulatory agencies
as such.
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Share of permitted mine
sites around which groundwater withdrawal for mining
causes problems
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What it measures: Number
of permitted mine sites where regulatory agencies have
determined that groundwater withdrawal is causing
problems, total number of permitted mine sites
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Water Management in
Mining
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Water recycling in mining
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What it measures: Water
use in the mining operation over a defined period of
time (one year) relative to water withdrawn from the
environment (from surface sources, groundwater, or
impounded water) during the same time period.
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Net groundwater
withdrawal/per unit of Level of production and per
mining unit
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What it measures: Water
withdrawn from groundwater less water injected into
groundwater over a period of time (one year), relative
to minerals production and to mining units.
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Effort
(Note: It may be
appropriate to move two of these into the "legal
and institutional framework" section and one into
the "long-term socioeconomic benefits""
sction, rather than including these here. For each of
the three indicators below, we suggest where else they
might be placed.)
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Investment in research on
minimizing and mitigating environmental impacts of
mining.
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What it measures:
Expenditures on research
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Private and public
expenditure to minimize environmental harm from mining,
total and as a share of total expenditure
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What it measures: For the
private sector, this indicator will show the amount of
private sector expenditures on reducing environmental
harm and that expenditure related compared to total
private expenditures. This will have to distinguish
capital from operating costs. These data will be
aggregated from individual mine data and may be
aggregated as much or as little as useful (e.g.
differentiating sub-sectors within the mining industry).
For the public sector it will show expenditure on
superfund restoration that is not reimbursed by the
private sector and any other public subsidies for
environmental protection. It will not include
administrative costs and enforcement costs of
environmental regulation, which are covered by indicator
E.3.
The logic of this is to
identify the costs to the economy of requiring
internalization of environmental costs of mining. This
indicator should be compared with the benefits to the
economy of "clean" or "sustainable"
mining, lest it be implied that we are not getting
anything in return for these expenditures. Valuing the
benefits would be virtually impossible in an indicators
system (rather than as a research project). However this
indicator might be compared with previous indicators on
emissions trends, adequacy of reclamation, and so on, to
get a rough idea.
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Public expenditure to
administer and enforce environmental regulations in
mining
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What it measures: This
indicator shows the % of public sector expenditures on
enforcing environmental regulations compared to total
number of permitted mines.
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